Identification and analysis of DNA repair mechanisms that contribute Literature review

Identification and analysis of DNA repair mechanisms that contribute to impedance against nucleoside analogues - Literature review ExampleConsequently, DNA is damaged frequently, and is repaired through pathways of repair and proofreading functions by DNA polymerase. quintuple mechanisms of repair at heart the mobile phone act to balance these levels of mutation. However, the large number of mutations that befall means that all so often, the repair process misses these mutations and they become part of the DNA. This process can be the first gradation in carcinogenesis . There are currently 346 different genes that have been associated with the development of cancer, although this number continues to grow. In few cases these genes are mutated in cancer cells and not in normal cells. In other cases, genes may commemorate substantial levels of deregulation. Both of these processes have the potential to significantly decrease the effectiveness of certain genes, leading to alte r pathways within the cancer cell and the body itself . This suggests that mutations are a crucial part of the constitution of cancer. Indeed, tender cancer appears to have thousands of different mutations by the time that it is first detected. Furthermore, information that cancer can be inherited from one generation to the next suggests that some of these mutations can be passed along in genes . crab louse is characterised by high levels of clonal expansion of somatic cells. These cells are not subject to the normal addition regulation components of the cell cycle. Thus, they are able to proliferate beyond the normal constraints of tissue. Likewise, the controls over apoptosis are also circumvented . Most tumours that develop in the human body are substantially heterogeneous. This suggests that multiple mutations fare within human cancers driving the creation of tumours and the change in function between normal cells and cancerous cells . Thus, cancer can be considered to be a disease, or collection of diseases, that occurs due to genetic abnormalities accumulating within cells . In each generation of cancer cells, significant mutation occurs within different cells, and those that develop mutations that relieve cancer growth are selected for, resulting in an increase in the prevalence of these cells. Mutations may be subtle, much(prenominal) as changes in the sequence of nucleotides, or more substantial, involving changes in the chromosomes themselves . One significant factor in cancer treatment resistance is that therapeutic killing cancer cells, while causing cancer to go into remission, can also act to select for resistance to treatment. This can result in a patterned advance of tumour growth, with cells that cannot be targeted by the same treatment . Another form of resistance that can occur is based on the cells location in the division cycle. Cancer therapy tends to be most effective on cells that are rapidly replicating. Furthermore, resistance to treatment can often be stronger in some stages of the cell cycle than others . Cancer cells contain a wide range of mutations, and these mutations may act to drive the formation and progression of tu