Supreme Court Cases on Separation of Church and State Clauses

The United States of America was founded on the basis of religious freedom. Judgment on the legality of the Separation of Church and State should not be based on one’s religion. The phrase â€Å"Separation of church and state† sometimes known as the â€Å"wall of separation between church and state,† is a phrase used by Thomas Jefferson in understanding the two clauses of the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States: the Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause. The Establishment Clause is prohibits the government fro making any laws dealing with religion. As the second clause, The Free Exercise Clause goes along with the Establishment clause stating that Congress cannot make any law pertaining to religion or a law that†¦show more content†¦The American education system is one of the main places of controversy for the Separation of Church and State. Almost every child in the United States attends some type of school, many of them public systems. In such a school setting, these children are often exposed to the beliefs of their teachers and administrators, as well as their own classmates. In Greece, New York, ever since 1999, the town board has begun their monthly gatherings with prayer. Rev. Lou Sirianni begins his gathering by stating: Be thou present, O God of wisdom, and direct the councils of this honorable assembly, the prayer ended, All this we ask in the name and through the merits of Jesus Christ, Thy Son and our Savior (Wolf 1). Recently in 2007, two residents who regularly attended board meetings, Susan Galloway and Linda Stephens, complained that the prayers were promoting more of a Christian community than any other religion (Masci 3). Although separation of church and state is stated briefly in the First Amendment, these two ladies had the right to go after the town for not allowing a freedom of religion and for most importantly throwing religion into a government owned school function. The cas e was brought to the Supreme Court in 2007 and is still under debate, with a result hopefully by the end of June 2014. The question is whether or not this prayer is allowed at a school function. Not everyone is willing to putShow MoreRelatedSepartion of Church and State Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesConstitution of the United States was written to give citizens certain privileges and rights in the way of free thought and freedom. The Establishment Clause was one way that civilians were protecting religious liberty by the separation of church and state. Within our political and school systems there have been a number of controversial issues to include religious holidays, school prayer, teaching evolution and aid to church based schools. The Supreme Court has ruled in many cases in regards to theseRead MoreSeparation of Church and State685 Words   |  3 PagesThe United States of America was founded on the basis of religious freedom. 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Although in this particular instance, the Supreme Court rule d in favor ofRead MoreThe separation of church and state1200 Words   |  5 PagesThe separation of church and state has been a long debated topic in the history of America. Although founded upon Christian ideals, the framers of the Constitution explicitly outlined the government to function secularly, in what is commonly referred to as the â€Å"Establishment Clause†. When interpreting the Constitution in regards to religion, there are two primary philosophies. The first philosophy this paper will explore will be referred to as Positive Toleration. In general, the idea of positiveRead MoreThe Constitutionality Of Providing Tax Exemption Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pageswas upheld in the U.S. Supreme Court case Walz v. Tax Comm n of the City of New York. 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The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) represented Scopes after his arrest in a case that riveted public attentionRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesSeparation of church and state is a defined as, the understanding of the intent, and function of the Establishment Clause, and Free Exercise Clause. The Combination of church and state has been a topic that, many generations have struggled with for centuries. The first amendment of the constitution states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law about our religious beliefs, or prohibiting our free exercise of religion† If we put our faith in the constitution to define the founding father’s standpoint ofRead More Separation Of Church And State Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesSeparation of Church and State By the middle of the 20th Century, the United States had emerged as a world power. It accomplished this through its leadership in defeating Germany and Japan in World War II. These two countries main objective was to enslave the world and destroy political, religious, and economic freedom. In Germany or Japan, anyone who disagreed with these goals, or was different was destroyed. This was a common practice in these two fascist countries. Unfortunately, at Read MoreSex Marriage License Does Not Violate The Lemon Test1084 Words   |  5 Pagesreligion: A public official allowing the deputy clerk to sign a same-sex marriage license does not violate the â€Å"Lemon Test†. However, making adherence to a religion can prohibit religion. Justice O’Connor concurred, that the Establishment Clause can prohibit in two principle ways and â€Å"One is excessive *688 entanglement with religious institutions, which may interfere with the independence of the institutions, give the institutions access to government or governmental powers not fully sharedRead MoreReligion and the United State Consitution1500 Words   |  6 PagesNo other independent enlightenment in the world allows individual independence to the United States of America. American courts, especially the Supreme Court, have improved a set of lawful policies that comprehensively shelter all types of the power of appearance. When it comes to appraising the level to which people take benefit of the occasion to convey believes, many members of cultur e can be accountable for misusing the boundary of the First Amendment through openly offending others through

Fashion Photography - 2258 Words

| FASHION PHOTOGRAPHY | SIDDHALI DOSHI | | SECTION F | 11/30/2011 | | TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Executive summary 1 2. Introduction 2 3. History 4 4. Popular digital cameras 6 5. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of writing this report is to enhance my knowledge on the topic that most interests me. Fashion photography is an essential part in the fashion world. The scope of writing this report is to learn all I can about fashion photography and use my findings in the future. I began my research by referring to some books from the library. Then I referred to the web. I learnt many interesting facts. I learnt†¦show more content†¦In 1911, photographer Edward Steichen was â€Å"dared† by Lucien Vogel, the publisher of Jardin des Modes and La Gazette du Bon Ton, to promote fashion as a fine art by the use of photography. Steichen then took photos of gowns designed by couturier Paul Poiret. These photographs were published in the April 1911 issue of the magazine Art et Decoration. In the mid 1940’s the artists abandoned their rigid forms for a much freer style. In 1936, Martin Munkacsi made the first photographs of models in sporty poses at the beach. The models in early fashion photographs were most frequently society ladies and theatre and screen actresses rather than women working as living mannequins. Even early fashionistas needed some place to turn for the latest in style information- hence the publication of fashion magazines. Among the first was Godey’s Lady’s Book and Harper’s. While early fashion photographers focused simply on taking pictures that made both the clothing and model look good, they soon evolved to view fashion photography as a great outlet for expressing their artistic viewpoints. For example, photographers in the early 20th century, such as Baron de Meyer, generated artistic effects by using a lot of backlighting and soft-focusing. Other photographers, such as George Hoyningen-Huene and Cecil Beaton, used props. 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Mall of America free essay sample

Why has the Mall of America been such a marketing success so far? The main reason for the success of the Mall of America is its unique retail-entrainment mix. This mall offers more than the regional malls. Because of the uniqueness of this mall it attract 40 million visitors each year. Visiting the one-stop complex offering retail shopping, guest service, convenience, and a huge variety of entertainment and fun for all. The location was the focus of the mall along with the size and the shopping experience, which make life easier to visit with out being confuse. This mall has something to offer everyone. What specific marketing actions would you propose that Mall of America managers take to ensure its continuing success in attracting visitors (a) from the local metropolitan area and (b) from outside it? Keep the mall fresh and exciting. To keep the local metropolitan area resident exciting about visiting the mall, managers should look into extending the rail service all the way to the mall area with out raising the price of the fare. We will write a custom essay sample on Mall of America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Local resident prefer to have stores that are trust worthy and have good quality, the mall should offer a early-bird special at the movie theater. For the first time visit from outside, there should be a tour guide of the mall to show them around so that they are not confuse and a food voucher should be included at one of the restaurant within the food court. They should also receive a goody bag with all the stores and information about the stores and the mall within a whole. Because of the diverse this mall have a lot to offer for everybody.

The Effect of Music in a Developing Fetus Essay Example For Students

The Effect of Music in a Developing Fetus Essay Mothers who do not secure their fetus in a safe environment are asking the chance of their child experiencing birth defects at birth. Every mother wants to give birth too healthy child. It can be heartbreaking for a mother to find out that their child has been born with a birth defect such as a hearing problem or possibly having a deaf child. Music has a powerful effect to our emotions, and it can affect the way we think. Music can calm the baby but mothers should be aware of the possibilities of birth defects, such as, hard-hearing, deaf, and even death. We will write a custom essay on The Effect of Music in a Developing Fetus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Many mothers have a concern if music is the best thing for their growing fetus or can it harm the fetus. There have been many articles stating that classical music helps make the baby become smarter but there are no proven scientific facts. Classical music is most suggested for the unborn to listen to because it can stimulate the baby and can come out with positive results (Pregnancy-info. Net, 2012). Exposure to loud chaotic music can cause some birth defects when baby is born (Coil, 2012). Classical music has had a positive impact on the pregnant woman, which makes people believe that it has the same impact on the fetus. The smoothing sounds of the classical music has proven to be more relaxing and can help lower blood pressure, earth burn and morning sickness for some. A study done in the sass showed that listening to the classic pianist Mozart can help improve spatial reasoning in college students (Heinous, 2009). After this news got out to the public there was a craze that people wanted the younger generations to listen to Mozart to become more intelligent. Mothers were told to have their toddlers then infants then fetus listen to Mozart so they can become more intelligent when they grow up. Though this may not be true since we do not know what is going on with the fetus mentally or cognitively while in the womb. Classical music has had a positive impact on the pregnant woman, which makes people believe that it has the same impact on the fetus. Many mothers have questioned if having their fetus exposed to music could come to a positive or negative result. According to the website pregnancy-info. Net (2012), playing soft music for your fetus stimulates the fetus to be calm and is probably best for the fetus development rather than loud chaotic music. Fetal breathing patterns were measure by researchers and in the result it showed that babies respond to musical rhythms, and that calm music has an effect for soothing the baby (Music and By Tangency throughout the pregnancy the fetus will show interest in that song for about the first year of life. Prenatal musical stimulation can definitely come in positive results such as increased attention span, improved sleeping habits, increased cognitive development, and a higher level of language skills (Music and Your Fetus, 2012). There are no proven facts that playing music for the unborn child will make him or her smarter but studies have shown that it makes the baby do better in math-related studies (Music and Your Fetus, Para. 5). Rock music is considered too chaotic for the tutus and can cause hearing problems when the baby is born (Coil, 2012). However, classical and acoustic music is soft and smoothing; it is most recommended for the fetus to hear because it keeps them calm. According to the website articles. Com (2008), a study showed that constant exposure to aggressive loud chaotic music negatively alters the brains development. .ud47bfab55144533a991fa410f0f14d8c , .ud47bfab55144533a991fa410f0f14d8c .postImageUrl , .ud47bfab55144533a991fa410f0f14d8c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud47bfab55144533a991fa410f0f14d8c , .ud47bfab55144533a991fa410f0f14d8c:hover , .ud47bfab55144533a991fa410f0f14d8c:visited , .ud47bfab55144533a991fa410f0f14d8c:active { border:0!important; } .ud47bfab55144533a991fa410f0f14d8c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud47bfab55144533a991fa410f0f14d8c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud47bfab55144533a991fa410f0f14d8c:active , .ud47bfab55144533a991fa410f0f14d8c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud47bfab55144533a991fa410f0f14d8c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud47bfab55144533a991fa410f0f14d8c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud47bfab55144533a991fa410f0f14d8c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud47bfab55144533a991fa410f0f14d8c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud47bfab55144533a991fa410f0f14d8c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud47bfab55144533a991fa410f0f14d8c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud47bfab55144533a991fa410f0f14d8c .ud47bfab55144533a991fa410f0f14d8c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud47bfab55144533a991fa410f0f14d8c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music Traditions Around the World Chapter EssayPlaying calming and pleasant music at a level of 70 decibels or lower will surely soothe the mother and the baby (Coil, 2012, Para. 5). A study done by Daily Mail showed that when they split pregnant women into wow groups, with 116 given music CDC and 120, in the control group, receiving normal pregnancy care found that after two weeks those in the music group were far less stressed, depressed or anxious (NASH Knowledge Service, 2008). The most appropriate age for a fetus to be introduce to music is around the twenty-eighth week and some say even earlier (Music and Your Fetus, 2012). According to Pregnancy-info. Net (2012) at about 24 weeks the fetus outer, middle, and inner ear are well-developed and by 27 to 30 weeks old the fetus ear is mature enough to respond to the sounds around him/her. Though it has been found true that evolving fetus are stimulated by sounds, there has been no true evidence to prove the baby will learn while growing in the womb (Heinous, 2009). You can play a song, read a book or even talk to your baby, and you may get a kick or movement in your belly, but it is not known if the baby is gaining any knowledge (Arabian, 2012). The first scientific approach that was used to detect fetal hearing capacities was performed by Prayer in 1885. Studies have shown that the onset of fetal responses to sound has been used by a variety of UN-physiological stimulation; an example would be a broadcasting stimulation device (VASS). Hundreds of studies were tested on VASS for fetal well-being from 1980 and onwards, no reactions were found when VASS was used in deaf fetus and that proved that a fetus hearing ability depended on cochlear function. A study has shown that a fetus at nineteen weeks and onwards were presented with 100 Hzs-3000 Hzs tone frequencies and first response was at 23 weeks at 500 Hzs, 27 weeks 100-500 Hzs and at 31 weeks responses were observed at 1000-3000 HZS (Arabian, 2002). A big concern for mothers is the safety of exposing their unborn child to music. One study, done by the American Academy of Pediatrics, cooked at the affects of loud music and its harm to a fetus. To gather all this information they waited for the baby to be born and then examined the newborns hearing and made their conclusions. The mothers for this experiment had to consistently be around noise that was eight five to ninety decibels. The outcome to the several tests showed that the exposure to chaotic noise during pregnancy may result in high-frequency hearing loss in newborns (American Academy of Pediatrics, 1997). Exposure to soft smoothing music for the fetus can stimulate and calm the baby, and the mother as well (Coil, 2012). Soft calming music is most suggested if you want to stimulate your fetus but keep the volume at a low pitch. You would not want to over stimulate your baby. The mother should play music that she finds calming and relaxing. Usually if the music calms the mother the same will go for the child (Pregnant-info. Net, 2012). However, exposure to loud chaotic music can cause birth defects such as hearing loss, increases the chances of giving birth prematurely, and having the baby born with a low birth weight (Coil, 2012). Of course every mother wants what is best for their baby so it is important not to turn up the music o high because it can definitely come out with the opposite effect you are aiming for with your child exposed to music (Pregnancy-info. Net, 2012). In conclusion, the effect of music in a developing fetus is yet to be studied. There are no scientific facts proving whether music is a good influence on the fetus or not. There are some articles that state that it helps the brain development or helps improve math-related studies and there are some articles that state that it can cause birth defects. The mother must take into consideration that she must avoid loud aggressive chaotic music for the safety of her unborn baby. After the observation, it is clear that soft calming music can help soothe the mother and the fetus and possibly come out with positive results. .uc8b6dbc4376b3eb77bc3c81d99a280f4 , .uc8b6dbc4376b3eb77bc3c81d99a280f4 .postImageUrl , .uc8b6dbc4376b3eb77bc3c81d99a280f4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc8b6dbc4376b3eb77bc3c81d99a280f4 , .uc8b6dbc4376b3eb77bc3c81d99a280f4:hover , .uc8b6dbc4376b3eb77bc3c81d99a280f4:visited , .uc8b6dbc4376b3eb77bc3c81d99a280f4:active { border:0!important; } .uc8b6dbc4376b3eb77bc3c81d99a280f4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc8b6dbc4376b3eb77bc3c81d99a280f4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc8b6dbc4376b3eb77bc3c81d99a280f4:active , .uc8b6dbc4376b3eb77bc3c81d99a280f4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc8b6dbc4376b3eb77bc3c81d99a280f4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc8b6dbc4376b3eb77bc3c81d99a280f4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc8b6dbc4376b3eb77bc3c81d99a280f4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc8b6dbc4376b3eb77bc3c81d99a280f4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc8b6dbc4376b3eb77bc3c81d99a280f4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc8b6dbc4376b3eb77bc3c81d99a280f4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc8b6dbc4376b3eb77bc3c81d99a280f4 .uc8b6dbc4376b3eb77bc3c81d99a280f4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc8b6dbc4376b3eb77bc3c81d99a280f4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Modern Music EssayLoud chaotic music can definitely cause major birth defects, such as, a deaf baby, a hard-hearing baby, and even death. It is recommended to stay away from loud areas while pregnant for the safety of the unborn baby. If a mother is unsure to expose music to her fetus, a mothers voice is always the best option rather than making a decision that could affect the growing fetus. REFERENCES 1 . Pregnancy-info. Et. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. Pregnancy-info. Net/music- and-your-fetus. HTML 2. Coil, B. (2012). Livingston. Com.